Discovery of Electron
电子的发现
梅子布丁模型-汤姆森
In 1906, J. J. Thompson won the Nobel Prize in physics for establishing the existence of electrons. According to current state of knowledge, the electrons are negatively charged (-1e), almost massless particles that nevertheless account for most of the size of the atom. Their rest mass equal to 9.109 × 10−31 kg (510.998 keV/c2) (approximately 1/1836 that of the proton). Electrons are located in an electron cloud, which is the area surrounding the nucleus of the atom.
1906年，J·J·汤普森因证实电子的存在而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。根据目前的知识状态，电子是带负电荷的(-1e)、几乎没有质量的粒子，但却占了原子的大部分尺寸。它们的静止质量等于9.109 × 10^−31千克（510.998 keV/c^2）（约为质子的1/1836）。电子位于电子云中，电子云是原子核周围的区域。
But the original idea was different. The original model of an atom, based on the discovery of the electron, was proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 and is known as the Plum pudding model or the Thomson model of the atom. It must be noted, this model was proposed before the discovery of the atomic nucleus.
但最初的想法是不同的。基于电子的发现，原子的原始模型是由J·J·汤姆森在1904年提出的，被称为“梅子布丁模型”或原子的汤姆森模型。必须指出的是，这个模型是在原子核发现之前提出的。
The Plum pudding model represented an attempt to consolidate the known properties of atoms at the time:
1) Electrons are negatively-charged particles
2) Atoms are neutrally-charged.
梅子布丁模型代表了一种巩固当时已知原子性质的尝试:
1）电子是带负电荷的粒子
2）原子是电中性的。
According to this model, an atom consist of a sphere of positive matter within which electrostatic forces determined the positioning of the negatively charged corpuscles. This fact explains the overall neutral charge of the atom, Thomson proposed that the corpuscles were distributed in a uniform sea of positive charge, in which they are scattered like “the plums in a pudding”.
根据这个模型，一个原子由一个带正电荷的球体组成，其中静电力决定了带负电荷的微粒的位置。这一事实解释了原子的整体中性电荷，汤姆逊提出，微粒分布在一个均匀的正电荷海洋中，在这个海洋中，它们像“布丁中的梅子”一样分散。
注：
梅子布丁模型（英语：Plum pudding model，又称枣糕模型、葡萄干布丁模型、汤姆孙模型等）是1904年约瑟夫·汤姆孙提出的原子结构模型。
